I started a reference list for the supplements, herbs, and other support treatments I recommend in the clinic. It is by no stretch of the imagination a comprehensive list of studies done on the substances on the list. But it is a good place to peak one’s interest. I update the list as time permits and keep it in alphabetical order.

N-ACETYL-CYSTEINE (NAC)

(2008) Silva, LA. “N-acetylcysteine supplementation and oxidative damage and inflammatory response after eccentric exercise.” Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Aug;18(4):379-88.

(2017) Hara Y. “Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Potential of N-Acetylcysteine for Prevention and Treatment of Cognitive Aging and Dementia.” J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2017;4(3):201-206. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2017.22.

ALPHA LIPOIC ACID

(2014) Gargari, et al. “EFFECTS OF ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON CLINICAL STATUS AND

ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES IN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

(2014) Gargari, et al. “Effects of Alpha-lipoic Acid Supplementation on Clinical Status and Anthropometric Indices in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis.” Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 13(1):69-74 · January 2014.

(2014) Mendes PR, Félix Ddos S, Silva PC, Pereira GH, Simões MO. “Effect of alpha lipoic acid on the blood cell count and iron kinetics in hypertensive patients.” Nutr Hosp. 2014 Nov 3;31(2):883-9. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.7403. PMID: 25617577.

(2014) Tsou, P., Balogh, B., Pinney, A.J. et al. “Lipoic acid plays a role in scleroderma: insights obtained from scleroderma dermal fibroblasts.” Arthritis Res Ther 16, 411 (2014) doi:10.1186/s13075-014-0411-6

(2019) Wei Liu, Lian-jie Shi, and Sheng-guang Li “The Immunomodulatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Autoimmune Diseases.” BioMed Research International, vol. 2019, Article ID 8086257, 11 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8086257.

CURRENT TOPICS IN NUTRACEUTICAL RESEARCH Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 69-74, 2014

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EFFECTS OF ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON CLINICAL STATUS AND

ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES IN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITI

AMINO ACID THERAPY

(2007) Miro Smriga, et al. “Oral treatment with L-lysine and L-arginine reduces anxiety and basal cortisol levels in healthy humans.” Biomedical Research. Volume 28 (2007) Issue 2

ASTAXANTHIN

(2018) Davinelli, Sergio et al. “Astaxanthin in Skin Health, Repair, and Disease: A Comprehensive Review.” Nutrients vol. 10,4 522. 22 Apr. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10040522

(2019) Michael Ash. “Astaxanthin: the Key to a New You.” Clinical Education. https://www.clinicaleducation.org/resources/reviews/astaxanthin-the-key-to-a-new-you/

ASHWAGHANDA

(2012) Chandrasekhar, K et al. “A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults.” Indian journal of psychological medicine vol. 34,3 (2012): 255-62.

(2012) Kalani, Amir et al. “Ashwagandha root in the treatment of non-classical adrenal hyperplasia.” BMJ case reports vol. 2012 bcr2012006989. 17 Sep. 2012, doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-006989.

BACOPA

(2008) Calabrese, Carlo et al. “Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) vol. 14,6 (2008): 707-13. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0018

(2010) Singh M, Murthy V, Ramassamy C. “Modulation of hydrogen peroxide and acrolein-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions and redox regulated pathways by the Bacopa monniera extract: potential implication in Alzheimer’s disease.” J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;21:229–247.

(2012) Tatimah, Peth-Nui, et al. “Effects of 12-Week Bacopa monnieri Consumption on Attention, Cognitive Processing, Working Memory, and Functions of Both Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems in Healthy Elderly Volunteers.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Volume 2012, Article ID 606424, 10 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/606424

(2017) Chaudhari, Kaustubh S et al. “Neurocognitive Effect of Nootropic Drug Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Annals of neurosciences vol. 24,2 (2017): 111-122. doi:10.1159/000475900

(2019) Abdul Manap, Aimi Syamima et al. “Bacopa monnieri, a Neuroprotective Lead in Alzheimer Disease: A Review on Its Properties, Mechanisms of Action, and Preclinical and Clinical Studies.” Drug target insights vol. 13 1177392819866412. 31 Jul. 2019, doi:10.1177/1177392819866412

BERBERINE

(2017) Koppen, L. M., Whitaker, A., Rosene, A., & Beckett, R. D. “Efficacy of Berberine Alone and in Combination for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, (2017) 22(4), 956–968. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587216687695.

BOSWELLIA

(1997) Gupta I, Parihar A, Malhotra P, et al. “Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with ulcerative colitis.” Eur J Med Res. 2:37-43, 1997.

(1998) Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. “Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: Results of a double-blind, placeb0-controlled, 6-week clinical study.” Eur J Med Res. 3:511-514, 1998.

(2001) Dahmen U, Gu YL, Dirsch O, et al. “Boswellic acid, a potent anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits rejection to the same extent as high dose steroids.” Transplant Proc. 33:539-541, 2001.

(2007) Camarda L, Dayton T, Di Stefano, et al. “Chemical Composition and antimicrobial activity of some oleogum resin essential oils from Boswellia spp. (Burseraceae).” Ann Chim. 97:837-844, 2007.

(2007) Madisch A, Miehlke S, Eichele O, et al. “Boswellia serrata extract for treatment of collagenous colitis: A double, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.” Int J Colorectal Dis. Dec 22:1445-1451, 2007.

(2010) Ammon H.P. “Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and boswellic acids.” Phytomedicine. 2010;17:862–867. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.003

(2011) Abdel-Tawab M., Werz O., Schubert-Zsilavecz M. “Boswellia serrata: An overall assessment of in vitro, preclinical, pharmacokinetic and clinical data.” Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2011;50:349–369. doi: 10.2165/11586800-000000000-00000.

(2016) Franceschi F, Togni S, Belcaro G, et al. “A novel lecithin based delivery form of Boswellic acids (Capserone®) for the management of osteo-muscluar pain: A registry study in young rugby players.” Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 20:4156-4161, 2016.

(2017) Belcaro G, Gizzi G, Pellagrino L, et al. “Supplementation with lecithin-based delivery form of Boswellia serrata extract (Capserone®) controls symptoms of mild irritable bowel syndrome.” Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 21: 2249_2254, 2017.

(2017) Kafil TS, Nguyen TM, Patton PH, et al. “Interventions for treating collagenous colitis.” Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 11:CD003575, 2017.

(2019) Gomaa AA, Makboul RM, Al-Mokhtar MA, et al. “Polyphenol-rich Boswellia serrata gum prevents cognitive impairment and insulin resistance of diabetic rats through inhibition of GSK3beta activity, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines.” Biomed Pharmacother. 109:281-292, 2019.

(2018) Karlapudi V, Prasad Mungara AVV, Sengupta K, et al. “A placebo controlled double-blind study demonstrates the clinical efficacy of a novel herbal formulation for relieving joint discomfort in human subjects with osteoarthritis of knee.” J Med Food. 21:511-520, 2018.

(2018) Harovan A, Mukuchyan V, Mkrtchyan N, et al. “Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: A comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 18:7, 2018.

(2018) Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Al-Eid F, et al. “Efficacy of curcumin and Boswellia for knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Semin Arthritis Rheum. 48:416-429, 2018.

(2019) Majeed, Muhammed et al. “A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.” Phytotherapy Research: PTR vol. 33,5 (2019): 1457-1468. doi:10.1002/ptr.6338

CAM MEDICINE

Lesley Braun, Marc Cohen. “Herbs and Natural Supplements, Volume 2: An Evidence-Based Guide, Volume 2.”

(2005) G.B. Mahady, S.L. Pendland, A. Stoia, et al. “In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.” Phytother. Res., 19 (11) (2005), pp. 988-991.

(2010) Henning SM, Zhang Y, Seeram NP, Lee RP, Wang P, Bowerman S, Heber D. “Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of herbs and spices in dry, fresh and blended herb paste form.” Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011 May;62(3):219-25. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2010.530595. Epub 2010 Dec 1. PMID: 21118053.

(2010) C.C. Rosenbaum, D.P. O’Mathúna, M. Chavez, K. Shields. “Antioxidants and antiinflammatory dietary supplements for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.” Altern. Ther. Health Med., 16 (2) (2010), pp. 32-40.

(2014) Lisa Alschuler. “Uprooting anxiety.” NDNR. Posted March 4, 2014. In Anxiety/ Depression/Mental Health. https://ndnr.com/anxietydepressionmental-health/uprooting-anxiety/

(2017) James A. McCubrey, etal. “Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs.” Aging 2017. Vol 9, No. 6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5509453/pdf/aging-09-1477.pdf.

(2019) Ghobadi Pour, Mozhgan et al. “Treatment of liver and spleen illnesses by herbs: Recommendations of Avicenna’s heritage “Canon of Medicine”.” Avicenna journal of phytomedicine vol. 9,2 (2019): 101-116.

CANNABIS

(2019) Alsherbiny, Muhammad A, and Chun Guang Li. “Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions.” Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 6,1 3. 23 Dec. 2018, doi:10.3390/medicines6010003

CHIA SEEDS

(2012) Mohd Ali, Norlaily et al. “The promising future of chia, Salvia hispanica L.” Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology vol. 2012 (2012): 171956. doi:10.1155/2012/171956

(2017) Marcinek, et al. “Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica): health promoting properties and therapeutic applications – a review.” Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2017;68(2):123-129.

L-CITRULLINE

(2014) Masahiko Morita, et al. “Oral supplementation with a combination of L-citrulline and L-arginine rapidly increases plasma L-arginine concentration and enhances NO bioavailability.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 454 (2014) 53–57

(2018) Allerton, Timothy D et al. “l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health.” Nutrients vol. 10,7 921. 19 Jul. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10070921.

COQ10

(2018) Coenzyme Q10 PDQ. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65890/

(2018) Juan D. Hernandez-Camacho, et al. “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in aging and disease.” Front. Physiol., 05 February 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00044

(2019) Barcelos, Isabella Peixoto de, and Richard H Haas. “CoQ10 and Aging.” Biology vol. 8,2 28. 11 May. 2019, doi:10.3390/biology8020028

(2019) M. Elena Diaz-Casado, et al. “The paradox of Coenzyme Q10 in Aging.” Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092221

CURCUMIN

(2016) Idrus Alwi, et al. “The Effects of Curcumin against the Inflammatory Response in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.” Alwi et al., Cardiovasc Pharm Open Access 2016, 5:3 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000185

DHEA

(2014) Rutkowski K, et al. “Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): hypes and hopes.”

Drugs. 2014 Jul;74(11):1195-207. doi: 10.1007/s40265-014-0259-8.

GABA

(2015) Muzuno, J. “Auditory Hallucinations and Its Mechanism.” Journal of Neurological Disorders. 2015, 3:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6895.1000230

GINSENG

(2001) Scaglione, F., Weiser, K. & Alessandria. “Effects of the Standardised Ginseng Extract G115® in Patients with Chronic Bronchitis.” Clinical Drug Investigations. (2001) 21: 41. https://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200121010-00006.

(2011) Wang, Z, et al. “Preventive action of Panax ginseng roots in hypercortisolism-induced Impairment of hippocampal neurons in male C57BL/6N mice.” Phytother Res. 2011 Aug;25(8):1242-5. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3389. Epub 2011 Jan 20.

GLUTATHIONE

(2007) Franco R, Schoneveld OJ, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. “The central role of glutathione in the pathophysiology of human diseases.” Arch Physiol Biochem. 2007 Oct-Dec;113(4-5):234-58. Review. PubMed PMID: 18158646.

HBOT

(2020) Hachmo Y, et al. “Hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases telomere length and decreases immunosenescence in isolated blood cells: a prospective trial.” Aging (Albany, NY). 2020; 12:22445-22456. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202188

LACTOFERRIN

(2005) Naot, Dorit et al. “Lactoferrin–a novel bone growth factor.” Clinical medicine & research vol. 3,2 (2005): 93-101. doi:10.3121/cmr.3.2.93

(2015) Montesi M, Panseri S, Iafisco M, Adamiano A, Tampieri A. “Coupling Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals with Lactoferrin as a Promising Strategy to Fine Regulate Bone Homeostasis.” PLOS ONE 10(7): e0132633. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132633

(2016) Menghini L, Ferrante C, Leporini L, et al. “A natural formula containing lactoferrin, Equisetum arvensis, soy isoflavones and vitamin D3 modulates bone remodeling and inflammatory markers in young and aged rats.” Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. 2016 Oct-Dec;30(4):985-996.

(2018) Fengjiao, Fan, et al. “Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway of osteoimmunology.” Food & Function. Issue 5, 2018

LIGHT THERAPY

(2014) Wunsch, Alexander, and Karsten Matuschka. “A controlled trial to determine the efficacy of red and near-infrared light treatment in patient satisfaction, reduction of fine lines, wrinkles, skin roughness, and intradermal collagen density increase.” Photomedicine and laser surgery vol. 32,2 (2014): 93-100. doi:10.1089/pho.2013.3616

MORINGA oleifera (moringaceae)

(2002) Ndiaye M. [Contribution to the study of the anti-inflammatory activity of Moringa oleifera (moringaceae)]. Dakar Med. 2002;47(2):210-2.

(2013) Woranan Kirisattayakul, et al. “Cerebroprotective Effect of Moringa oleifera against Focal Ischemic Stroke Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.” Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2013, Article ID 951415, 10 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/951415.

(2014) Minaiyan, Mohsen et al. “Anti-inflammatory effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds on acetic acid-induced acute colitis in rats.” Avicenna journal of phytomedicine vol. 4,2 (2014): 127-36.

(2017) Yohannes Tamrat, et al. “Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of solvent fractions of the leaves of Moringa stenopetala Bak. (Moringaceae) in mice models.” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2017) 17:473 DOI 10.1186/s12906-017-1982-y.

NETTLES (Urtica Dioca)

(2005) Safarinejad MR. “Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.” J Herb Pharmacother 2005; 5(4):1-11.

(2013) Ghorbanibirgani, Alireza et al. “The efficacy of stinging nettle (urtica dioica) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized double-blind study in 100 patients.” Iranian Red Crescent medical journal vol. 15,1 (2013): 9-10. doi:10.5812/ircmj.2386

(2016) Kaufui V Wong. “Stinging Nettles for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Other Health Benefits”. EC Nutrition 5.5 (2016): 1228- 1231.

(2016) Mohammadi A et al. “Urtica dioica dichloromethane extract induce apoptosis from intrinsic pathway on human prostate cancer cells (PC3).” Cell and Molecular Biology (noisy-le-grand) 2016 Mar 31; 62(3): 78-8

NIACIN/NIACINAMIDE/NICOTINAMIDE

(2013) Park, Cheol Whee. “Niacin in patients with chronic kidney disease: Is it effective and safe?.” Kidney research and clinical practice vol. 32,1 (2013): 1-2. doi:10.1016/j.krcp.2013.02.001

(2013) Kang Hyo Jin, et al. “Effects of low-dose niacin on dyslipidemia and serum phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease.” Kidney Research and Clinical Practice. Volume 32, Issue 1, March 2013, Pages 21-26

(2016) Ginsberg, Charles, and Joachim H Ix. “Nicotinamide and phosphate homeostasis in chronic kidney disease.” Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension vol. 25,4 (2016): 285-91. doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000236

(2018) Zhang, Yong MD, et al. “Efficacy and safety of nicotinamide on phosphorus metabolism in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Medicine: October 2018 – Volume 97 – Issue 41 – p e12731

OZONE

(2005) Valacchi G, Fortino V, Bocci V. “The dual action of ozone on the skin.” Br J Dermatol 2005, 153:1096-1100.

(2008) G. M. Gordillo, S. Roy, S. Khanna et al. “Topical oxygen therapy induces vascular endothelial growth factor expression and improves closure of clinically presented chronic wounds.” Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 957–964, 2008.

(2009) Travagli V, Zanardi I, Bocci V. “Topical application of ozone and ozonated oils as anti-infective agents: an insight into the patent claim.” Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery 2009, 4:130-142.

(2009) V. Bocci, E. Borrelli, V. Travagli, and I. Zanardi. “The ozone paradox: ozone is a strong oxidant as well as a medical drug.” Medicinal Research Reviews, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 646–682, 2009.

(2009) H. S. Kim, S. U. Noh, Y. W. Han et al. “Therapeutic effects of topical application of ozone on acute cutaneous wound healing.” Journal of Korean Medical Science, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 368–374, 2009.

(2010) Travagli V, Zanardi I, Valacchi G, Bocci V. “Ozone and ozonated oils in skin diseases: a review.” Mediators Inflamm 2010, (2010 Article ID 610418, EPUB 2010) July 4, Review.

(2011) Sagai and Bocci. “Mechanisms of Action Involved in Ozone Therapy: Is healing induced via a mild oxidative stress?” Medical Gas Research 2011, 1:29 http://www.medicalgasresearch.com/content/1/1/29

(2016) Manoto, S, et al. “Medical ozone therapy as a potential treatment modality for regeneration of damaged articular cartilage in osteoarthritis.” Saudi Journal of Biological Science (2018) 25, 672-679.

(2017) Smith, Noel L et al. “Ozone therapy: an overview of pharmacodynamics, current research, and clinical utility.” Medical gas research vol. 7,3 212-219. 17 Oct. 2017, doi:10.4103/2045-9912.215752

(2018) Umberto Tirelli, Cinzia Cirrito, Martina Pavanello. “Ozone therapy is an effective therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: result of an Italian study in 65 patients (CFS, EBV).”

Article Sep 13 2018. DOI: 10.4081/ozone.2018.7812

Ozone Societies:

PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE

(2006) Kingsley, M. “Effects of phosphatidylserine supplementation on exercising humans.” Sports Med. 2006;36(8):657-69.

(2014) Kim, Hee-Yong et al. “Phosphatidylserine in the brain: metabolism and function.” Progress in lipid research vol. 56 (2014): 1-18.

(2015) Glade, MJ & Smith, K. “Phosphatidylserine and the human brain.” Nutrition. 2015 Jun;31(6):781-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.014.

PROBIOTIC

(2016) Elmira Akbari, et al. “Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Metabolic Status in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind and Controlled Trial.”

Frontier Aging Neuroscience, 10 November 2016 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2016.00256

(2020) Cheng, Jing, and Arthur C Ouwehand. “Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Probiotics: A Systematic Review.” Nutrients vol. 12,1 132. 2 Jan. 2020, doi:10.3390/nu1201013

QUERCETIN

(2017) Li, Yao et al. “Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity.” Nutrients vol. 8,3 167. 15 Mar. 2016, doi:10.3390/nu8030167

RESVERATROL

(2009) “Resveratrol and Aging.” https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/podcast/resveratrol-and-aging/

(2013) “How resveratrol may fight aging.” https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-resveratrol-may-fight-aging#:~:text=Over%20a%20decade%20ago%2C%20researchers,involved%20in%20the%20aging%20process.

(2017) Li, Juan et al. “A comparative study of anti-aging properties and mechanism: resveratrol and caloric restriction.” Oncotarget vol. 8,39 65717-65729. 9 Aug. 2017, doi:10.18632/oncotarget.20084

(2018) Ramírez-Garza, Sonia L et al. “Health Effects of Resveratrol: Results from Human Intervention Trials.” Nutrients vol. 10,12 1892. 3 Dec. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10121892

(2018) Wiciński M. “Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol Administration-Focus on Potential Biochemical Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Conditions.” Nutrients. 2018 Nov 21;10(11). pii: E1813. doi: 10.3390/nu10111813.

(2018) Rosa PM, et al. “Glioprotective Effect of Resveratrol: an Emerging Therapeutic Role for Oligodendroglial Cells.” Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Apr;55(4):2967-2978. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0510-x. Epub 2017 Apr 29.

(2019) Pannu, et al. “Resveratrol: from enhanced biosynthesis and bioavailability to multitargeting chronic diseases.” Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;109:2237-2251. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.075. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

(2019) Malaguarnera L. “Influence of Resveratrol on the Immune Response.” Nutrients. 2019 Apr 26;11(5). pii: E946. doi: 10.3390/nu11050946.

SELENIUM

(2015) Wu, et al. “Low Population Selenium Status Is Associated With Increased Prevalence of Thyroid Disease.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 100, Issue 11, 1 November 2015, Pages 4037–4047, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2222

(2016) Zhang, et al. “Selenium status and cardiovascular diseases: meta-analysis of prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials.” Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;70(2):162-9. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.78. Epub 2015 May 20.

(2016) Carduso, et al. “Effects of Brazil nut consumption on selenium status and cognitive performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled pilot trial.” European Journal of Nutrition, 2016, Volume 55, Number 1, Page 107.

TAURINE

(2005) Collin, et al. “Protective effects of taurine on human hair follicle grown in vitro.” Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006 Aug;28(4):289-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00334.x.

(2009) El Idrissi A, Boukarrou L, Splavnyk K, Zavyalova E, Meehan EF, L’Amoreaux W. “Functional implication of taurine in aging.” Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;643:199-206. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_20. PMID: 19239150.

(2009) Y Yamori, et al. “Taurine as the Nutritional Factor for the Longevity of the Japanese Revealed by a World-Wide Epidemiological Survey.” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Feb 2009, 643:13-25. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_2

(2018) Schaffer, Stephen, and Ha Won Kim. “Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine as a Therapeutic Agent.” Biomolecules & therapeutics vol. 26,3 (2018): 225-241. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2017.251

(2018) Guzzetti, Sara et al. “Taurine Administration Recovers Motor and Learning Deficits in an Angelman Syndrome Mouse Model.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 19,4 1088. 5 Apr. 2018, doi:10.3390/ijms19041088

(2018) Scicchitano, Bianca Maria, and Gigliola Sica. “The Beneficial Effects of Taurine to Counteract Sarcopenia.” Current protein & peptide science vol. 19,7 (2018): 673-680. doi:10.2174/1389203718666161122113609

TRYTOPHAN

(2018) Friedman, Mendel. “Analysis, Nutrition, and Health Benefits of Tryptophan.” International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR vol. 11 1178646918802282. 26 Sep. 2018, doi:10.1177/1178646918802282

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT THERAPY

(1975) T Sairenji, Y Hinuma. “Ultraviolet inactivation of Epstein-Barr virus: effect on synthesis of virus-associated antigens.” Int J Cancer. 1975 Jul 15;16(1):1-6. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910160102. UVB

(2014) Charlotte Bath. “Increased ultraviolet radiation exposure may protect against HL, particularly in those with EBV-positive disease.” The ASCO Post. January 15, 2014

(2020) Rezaie A, Leite GGS, Melmed GY, Mathur R, Villanueva-Millan MJ, et al. “Ultraviolet A light effectively reduces bacteria and viruses including coronavirus.” PLOS ONE 15(7): e0236199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236199

(2020) Carla Cantor. “Could a New Ultraviolet Technology Fight the Spread of Coronavirus?” Columbia News. Columbia University. June 30, 2020. https://news.columbia.edu/ultraviolet-technology-virus-covid-19-UV-light . UVC

(2020) Zhi-Ming Mai, Jia-Huang Lin, Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan, Dora Lai-Wan Kwong, Wai-Tong Ng, Alice Wan-Ying Ng, Kai-Ming Ip, Yap-Hang Chan, Anne Wing-Mui Lee, Sai-Yin Ho, Maria Li Lung, Tai-Hing Lam. “Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Vitamin D Deficiency on Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation: Observational and Genetic Evidence From a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Endemic Population.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 7, Issue 10, October 2020, ofaa426, https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa426

VACCINES

(2020) James Lyons-Weiler and Paul Thomas. “Relative Incidence of Office Visits and Cumulative Rates of Billed Diagnoses Along the Axis of Vaccination.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17, 8674; doi:10.3390/ijerph17228674

VEGANS

(2017) Rogerson, David. “Vegan diets: practical advice for athletes and exercisers.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 14 36. 13 Sep. 2017, doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0192-9

VITAMIN A

(2002) Sherry A. Tanumihardjo. “Vitamin A and Iron Status Are Improved by Vitamin A and Iron Supplementation in Pregnant Indonesian Women.” The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 132, Issue 7, July 2002, Pages 1909–1912, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.7.1909

(2013) Michelazzo, Fernanda B et al. “The influence of vitamin A supplementation on iron status.” Nutrients vol. 5,11 4399-413. 7 Nov. 2013, doi:10.3390/nu5114399

(2018) Marcela de Sá Barreto da Cunha, ET AL. “Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Iron Status in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(11):1767-1781.

VITAMIN Bs

(2016) Kennedy, David O. “B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy–A Review.” Nutrients vol. 8,2 68. 27 Jan. 2016, doi:10.3390/nu8020068

VITAMIN B12

(2013) E. Andrès, K. Serraj, J. Zhu, A.J.M. Vermorken. “The pathophysiology of elevated vitamin B12 in clinical practice.” QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, Volume 106, Issue 6, 1 June 2013, Pages 505–515, https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hct051

VITAMIN C

Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State University.

University of Kansas Medical Center Integrative Medicine. Clinical Trials high dose vitamin C.

University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health. High-Dose Vitamin C (PDQ®): Integrative, alternative, and complementary therapies – Health Professional Information [NCI]

(2004) Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, et al. “Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use.” Ann Intern Med 140 (7): 533-7, 2004.

(2012) Juraschek, Stephen P et al. “Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” The American journal of clinical nutrition vol. 95,5 (2012): 1079-88. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.027995

(2012) Schencking, Martin et al. “Intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of shingles: results of a multicenter prospective cohort study.” Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research vol. 18,4 (2012): CR215-24. doi:10.12659/msm.882621

(2013) Kim H, et al. “Vitamin C prevents stress-induced damage on the heart caused by the death of cardiomyocytes, through down-regulation of the excessive production of catecholamine, TNF-α, and ROS production in Gulo(-/-)Vit C-Insufficient mice.” Free Radic Biol Med. 2013 Dec;65:573-583. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.023. Epub 2013 Jul 23

(2013) Kim, Yejin et al. “Vitamin C Is an Essential Factor on the Anti-viral Immune Responses through the Production of Interferon-α/β at the Initial Stage of Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Infection.” Immune network vol. 13,2 (2013): 70-4. doi:10.4110/in.2013.13.2.70

(2013) Bae, Seyeon et al. “In vivo consequence of vitamin C insufficiency in liver injury: vitamin C ameliorates T-cell-mediated acute liver injury in gulo(-/-) mice.” Antioxidants & redox signaling vol. 19,17 (2013): 2040-53. doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4756

(2013) Kim W, et al. “Ascorbic acid insufficiency induces the severe defect on bone formation via the down-regulation of osteocalcin production.” Anat Cell Biol. 2013 Dec;46(4):254-61. doi: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.254. Epub 2013 Dec 24.

(2014) Mikirova N, Hunninghake R. “Effect of high dose Vitamin C on Epstein Barr viral infection.” Med Sci Monit. May 3;20:725-32.

(2016) Kim H, et al. “Red ginseng and vitamin C increase immune cell activity and decrease lung inflammation induced by influenza A virus/H1N1 infection.” J Pharm Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;68(3):406-20. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12529. Epub 2016 Feb 21.

(2017) Hemilä, Harri. “Vitamin C and Infections.” Nutrients vol. 9,4 339. 29 Mar. 2017, doi:10.3390/nu9040339

(2018) Hagel, Alexander F et al. “Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid in a cross section of the German population.” The Journal of international medical research vol. 46,1 (2018): 168-174. doi:10.1177/0300060517714387

(2018) Spoelstra-de Man, Angelique M E et al. “Making sense of early high-dose intravenous vitamin C in ischemia/reperfusion injury.” Critical care (London, England) vol. 22,1 70. 20 Mar. 2018, doi:10.1186/s13054-018-1996-y

(2018) Prier, Melissa et al. “No Reported Renal Stones with Intravenous Vitamin C Administration: A Prospective Case Series Study.” Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 7,5 68. 21 May. 2018, doi:10.3390/antiox7050068

(2018) Gonzalez M, et al. “Intravenous Vitamin C and Infectious Mononucleosis: A Case Report.” Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine. October 2018: Vol 33:5.

(2018) Qing Z, et al. “Vitamin C deficiency aggravates tumor necrosis factor α-induced insulin resistance.” Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 Jun 15;829:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.044. Epub 2018 Apr 3.

(2019) Hemilä, Harri, and Elizabeth Chalker. “Vitamin C Can Shorten the Length of Stay in the ICU: A Meta-Analysis.” Nutrients vol. 11,4 708. 27 Mar. 2019, doi:10.3390/nu11040708

(2019) Hill-Mündel, Katharina et al. “Preoperative Ascorbic Acid Levels in Proximal Femur Fracture Patients Have No Postoperative Clinical Impact, While Ascorbic Acid Levels upon Discharge Have a Major Effect on Postoperative Outcome.” Journal of clinical medicine vol. 9,1 66. 26 Dec. 2019, doi:10.3390/jcm9010066

(2019) “Shanghai 2019 Expert Coronavirus Disease Comprehensive Treatment Consensus.” https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/bF2YhJKiOfe1yimBc4XwOA

(2020) Honore, Patrick M et al. “Dosing vitamin C in critically ill patients with special attention to renal replacement therapy: a narrative review.” Annals of intensive care vol. 10,1 23. 12 Feb. 2020, doi:10.1186/s13613-020-0640-6

(2020) Cheng, Richard Z. “Can early and high intravenous dose of vitamin C prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?.” Medicine in Drug Discovery vol. 5 (2020): 100028. doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100028

IVC and Sepsis

Sepsis, is a life threatening condition where the body produces chemicals that can result in tissue damage, organ failure, and mortality. Usually, a pre existing bacterial infection such as a urinary tract infection or pneumonia leads to an increased presence and multiplication of bacteria in the bloodstream, or septicemia. Symptoms include: fever, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, sweating, and confusion.

The mortality rate is usually 30%-35% in the U.S. and even greater in 3rd world countries.

Fortunately, IV Vitamin C, when administered with Vitamin B1 and corticosteroids by Virginia physician, Dr. Paul Marik, was shown to reduce sepsis related deaths by 79% from 19/47 to 4/47 in a small clinical study (Marik et.al). Interestingly, COVID patients have and are continuing to experience sepsis, without IVC intervention. Arguably, IVC has been a clinically proven treatment with regards to sepsis and one could only wonder its potential for Coronavirus.

The Marik Vitamin C Protocol:

1.5 grams IVC every 6 hours x4 days or sooner if discharged
50 mg IV hydrocortisone every 6 hours x7 days
200 mg IV Thiamine (B1) every 12 hours x4 days

In this protocol, a patient could theoretically receive up to 6 grams IVC in a day.

The world-renowned, Cleveland Clinic, also studied IV Vitamin C for sepsis patients and also concluded that it significantly increased survival rate and reduced length of ICU stay (Cleveland). We have confidence that IV Vitamin C will also have great results for Coronavirus patients.

Interestingly, some U.S. oncologists offer IVC in conjunction with chemotherapy to improve results. We do not see why IVC cannot serve a similar purpose with respect to COVID and its proposed pharmaceuticals

VITAMIN D

(2004) Holick MF. “Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79:362-71.

(2007) John N Hathcock, Andrew Shao, Reinhold Vieth, Robert Heaney. “Risk assessment for vitamin D.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 85, Issue 1, January 2007, Pages 6–18

(2008) Joyce Maalouf, Mona Nabulsi, Reinhold Vieth, Samantha Kimball, Rola El-Rassi, Ziyad Mahfoud, and Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan. “Short term and long term safety of weekly high dose vitamin D₃ supplementation in school children.” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., Published April 29, 2008 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2530

(2011) Takako Araki, Michael F. Holick, Bianca D. Alfonso, Esti Charlap, Carla M. Romero, Dahlia Rizk, Lisa G. Newman. “Vitamin D Intoxication with Severe Hypercalcemia due to Manufacturing and Labeling Errors of Two Dietary Supplements Made in the United States.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 96, Issue 12, 1 December 2011, Pages 3603–3608, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1443

(2011) Pornpoj Pramyothin, et al. “Vitamin D in Adipose Tissue and Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass.” Obesity a Research Journal. Volume 19, Issue11 November 2011. Pages 2228-2234

(2012) Kim, Dong Ha et al. “Successful treatment of alopecia areata with topical calcipotriol.” Annals of dermatology vol. 24,3 (2012): 341-4. doi:10.5021/ad.2012.24.3.341

(2013) Stacie Nguyen, et al. “25-Hydroxyvitamin D in the Range of 20 to 100 ng/mL and Incidence of Kidney Stones.” American Journal of Public Health. October 17, 2013

(2015) Sharon Theimer. “Vitamin D Toxicity Rare in People Who Take Supplements.” Mayo Clinic. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/vitamin-d-toxicity-rare-in-people-who-take-supplements-mayo-clinic-study-finds/ Clinic Study Finds

(2015) M. BIČÍKOV, et al. “Vitamin D in Anxiety and Affective Disorders.” Physiol. Res. 64 (Suppl. 2): S101-S103, 2015.

(2019) McCullough, Patrick, et al. “Daily oral dosing of vitamin D3 using 5000 TO 50,000 international units a day in long-term hospitalized patients: Insights from a seven year experience.” The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Volume 189, May 2019, Pages 228-239

(2020) Grant, W.B.; Lahore, H.; McDonnell, S.L.; Baggerly, C.A.; French, C.B.; Aliano, J.L.; Bhattoa, H.P. “Vitamin D Supplementation Could Prevent and Treat Influenza, Coronavirus, and Pneumonia Infections.” Preprints 2020, 2020030235 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202003.0235.v1).

VITAMIN K2

(2013) Knapen, M.H.J., Drummen, N.E., Smit, E. et al. “Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.” Osteoporos Int (2013) 24: 2499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2325-6.

(2013) Misra D, et al. “Vitamin K deficiency is associated with incident knee osteoarthritis.” Am J Med. 2013 Mar;126(3):243-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.10.011.

ZEAXANTHIN

(2016) Edwards, James A. “Zeaxanthin: Review of Toxicological Data and Acceptable Daily Intake.” Journal of ophthalmology vol. 2016 (2016): 3690140.

PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS

(2018) Pagano, Joseph S et al. “Antiviral Drugs for EBV.” Cancers vol. 10,6 197. 13 Jun. 2018, doi:10.3390/cancers10060197